What is a paternity test?
A paternity test is an analysis of body tissues, blood or other organic materials extracted from people's bodies. It has enormous legal implications as its accuracy is almost 100%. By determining the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) pattern in two individuals it is possible to reach a very accurate (and often even an undisputable) conclusion on the biological relation existing between them, or about the lack thereof.
As you probably know, deoxyribonucleic acid is a chemical substance found in the nucleus of all cells. Its task is to make copies of itself so that cells can pass on the same information when they divide. DNA stores the data needed for passing down our genetic attributes from one generation to the next. This is why it acts as our genetic blueprint. One half of each person's DNA comes from the father, and the other comes from his or her mother.
The random match probability of the genetic markers varies among ethnic groups. To accurately calculate the probability of paternity it is important to know the ethnic background of the individuals tested.
Biological samples are taken from child, mother and father. DNA from each individual's sample is separated prior to the paternity test. Some zones of the DNA are copied by applying the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR). The product is used to obtain a DNA profile. The tests looks out for similarity between the DNA profiles of the child, mother and father.
By comparing the DNA profiles of the child with the mother's, it is possible to establish their common factors. The child's factors not found in the mother's profile therefore come from the biological father. An alleged father is excluded as the biological father if the factors found on his DNA profile are not shared with the child's. However if the alleged father's profile contains that of the child's factors, then he is not excluded as the true biological father . A statistical analysis is then carried out to calculate the probability of paternity.
A DNA test is the most accurate genetic identification test . But care must be taken not to contaminate the samples. Your paternity test report will show paternity exclusion or paternity inclusion as a result of the analysis made.
Related resources:
Dominant genes, recessive genes
Who should be tested
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