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Legal implications of a paternity test

The paternity test will either exclude a putative father as the biological father or it will include a putative father as the true biological father. A statistical analysis needs to be provided to support this claim if the alleged father is included. But remember that, if you wish to take your paternity test results to court, these will need to comply with the regulations in force in your state or country. You should check these with your lawyer and with the lab before doing the test. Paternity tests valid for court purposes will normally require a strict maintenance of the chain of sample custody.

Paternity tests and similar genetic tests can be helpful in many ways. For instance:

  • Establishing the parental responsibility of a parent neglecting his or her support duties. Genetic proof of a biological relationship can provide evidence concerning a child's custody or child support. Such proof is absolutely necessary in a court of law.
  • Tracing the biological parents of adopted children.
  • Confirm the parentage of children conceived through IVF or other alternative reproduction technologies.
  • Reuniting mothers with their babies who were accidentally switched at birth.
  • Help fathers who have been shockingly informed by their wives that the child is not theirs. But be careful to measure well the consequences of taking a paternity test under such circumstances. Read more.
  • Help parents who wish to know if their supposedly identical twins are really identical.
  • Establish the biological relationship between siblings, parents, and grand-parents for insurance or inheritance claims.
  • Confirm the biological relationship between re-united siblings.
  • Prove kinship in claims for immigration rights.
  • Help the police or your own private detective to prove the identity of a criminal who's left biological evidence at the crime scene.
  • Establish paternity in cases of pregnancy after rape, to help the mother decide whether or not to abort, and to also help as evidence of the intercourse and as proof of the offender's identity. But for this, the mother's doctor must perform a risky amniocentesis.

No matter what the burden of proof may be on an individual asserting or denying paternity, developments in DNA paternity testing make any unsupported claims irrelevant. With proper testing, most cases are decided on scientific evidence that is almost 100% accurate. Science has effectively removed paternity cases from usual rules of litigation and proof. Now courts and legislatures talk about 97% or 99% certainties instead of terms like “preponderance of the evidence”.

An important issue when choosing a lab to conduct a paternity test is confidentiality. Choose only among recommended labs which follow the guidelines and standards set out by their country's laws.


Related resources:

Motherless paternity test
Testing the right kid
Testing the right father
Can the result be wrong?

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